A complete WhatsApp chatbot demo tutorial ready to use in minutes using the Utio API. 🤖 🤩
Get a chatbot running in minutes on your computer or server and easily adapt it to cover you own use cases.
The chatbot is able to create, edit and remove reminders, assign chats to agents when requested and reply with different sample messages as requested by users.
If you a are developer, jump directly to the code here
Features
This tutorial provides a complete chatbot implementation in Node.js that does:
- Provides a fully features chatbot in your WhatsApp number connected to Utio
- Replies automatically to inbound messages from users
- Allows any user to create, list and delete message reminders
- Allows any user to ask talking with a person, in which case the case will be assigned to an againt
- Sends a sample messages to the user based on their input (image, video, audio, document, location...)
- Configure the chatbot behavior easily using the configuration file
Chatbot supported tasks
- 1️⃣ Create a reminder
- 2️⃣ List reminders
- 3️⃣ Delete reminder
- 4️⃣ Chat with a person
Additionally, the chatbot can send you the following sample messages:
- Text
- Image
- Video
- Audio
- PDF Document
- Excel document
- File
- Buttons
- List
- Location
- Contact card
- Quote message
- Emojis 🥳
- Text formatting
- Link preview
- Reaction
How it works
- The program will validate you have access to Utio API and you have a least one WhatsApp number connected.
- Creates a tunnel using Ngrok to be able to receive Webhook events on your computer (or you can use a dedicated webhook URL instead if you run the bot in a cloud server).
- Registers the webhook endoint automatically.
- Start listening for inbound messages received in your WhatsApp number.
- You can start playing with the bot by sending messages to the connected WhatsApp number.
Chatbot behavior
The chatbot will always reply to messages based on the following conditions:
- The chat belong to a user (group chats are always ignored)
- The chat is not assigned to any agent inside Utio
- The chat has not any of the blacklisted labels (see config.js)
- The chat user number has not been blacklisted (see config.js)
- The chat or contact has not been archived or blocked
Requirements
- Node.js (download it here)
- WhatsApp Personal or Business number
- Utio API key (sign up here for free)
- Connect your WhatsApp Personal or Business number to Utio
- Sign up for a Ngrok free account to create a webhook tunnel (only if running the bot on your computer)
Project structure
\
|- bot.js -> the bot source code in a single file
|- config.js -> configuration file to customize the bot behavior and rules
|- package.json -> node.js package manifest required to install dependencies
|- node_modules -> where the project dependencies will be installed, fully managed by npm
You can download all project sources in this section > Download icon in the box top-right corner.
Usage
Open your favorite terminal and change directory to project folder where package.json
is located:
cd ~Downloads/chatbot-demo/
From that folder, install dependencies with npm
:
npm install
With your preferred code editor, edit config.js
and enter your Utio API key
(sign up here for free) and enter the API key at line 12th:
// Required. Specify the Utio API key to be used
// You can obtain it here: https://whatsapp.utio.io/apikeys
apiKey: env.API_KEY || 'ENTER API KEY HERE',
If you want to run the program on your computer, you need to create a tunnel with Ngrok. - Sign up for a Ngrok free account and obtain your auth token as explained here. Then enter it in the line 29th:
// Ngrok tunnel authentication token.
// Required if webhook URL is not provided.
// sign up for free and get one: https://ngrok.com/signup
// Learn how to obtain the auth token: https://ngrok.com/docs/agent/#authtokens
ngrokToken: env.NGROK_TOKEN,
Run the bot program:
node bot
Run the bot program on a custom port:
PORT=80 node bot
Run the bot program for a specific Utio connected device:
DEVICE=WHATSAPP_DEVICE_ID node bot
Run the bot program in production mode:
NODE_ENV=production node bot
Run the bot with an existing webhook server without the Ngrok tunnel:
WEBHOOK_URL=https://bot.company.com:8080/webhook node bot
https://bot.company.com:8080
must point to the bot program itself running in your server and it must be accessible from Internet using HTTPS for secure connection.
Source files
Download all project files clicking on the Download icon in the box top-right corner below.
const express = require('express')
const axios = require('axios')
const ngrok = require('ngrok')
const moment = require('moment')
const nodemon = require('nodemon')
const bodyParser = require('body-parser')
const config = require('./config')
const { env } = process
// Base URL API endpoint. Do not edit!
const API_URL = env.API_URL || 'https://whatsapp-api.utio.io/v1'
// Create web server
const app = express()
// Middleware to parse incoming request bodies
app.use(bodyParser.json())
// Index route
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
res.send({
name: 'chatbot',
description: 'Simple WhatsApp chatbot for Utio',
endpoints: {
webhook: {
path: '/webhook',
method: 'POST'
},
sendMessage: {
path: '/message',
method: 'POST'
},
sample: {
path: '/sample',
method: 'GET'
}
}
})
})
// POST route to handle incoming webhook messages
app.post('/webhook', (req, res) => {
const { body } = req
if (!body || !body.event || !body.data) {
return res.status(400).send({ message: 'Invalid payload body' })
}
if (body.event !== 'message:in:new') {
return res.status(202).send({ message: 'Ignore webhook event: only message:in:new is accepted' })
}
res.send({ ok: true })
// Process message in background
processMessage(body).catch(err => {
console.error('[error] failed to process inbound message:', body.id, body.data.fromNumber, body.data.body, err)
})
})
// Send message on demand
app.post('/message', (req, res) => {
const { body } = req
if (!body || !body.phone || !body.message) {
return res.status(400).send({ message: 'Invalid payload body' })
}
sendMessage(body).then((data) => {
res.send(data)
}).catch(err => {
res.status(+err.status || 500).send(err.response ? err.response.data : {
message: 'Failed to send message'
})
})
})
// Send a sample message to your own number, or to a number specified in the query string
app.get('/sample', (req, res) => {
const { phone, message } = req.query
const data = {
phone: phone || app.device.phone,
message: message || 'Hello World from Utio!',
device: app.device.id
}
sendMessage(data).then((data) => {
res.send(data)
}).catch(err => {
res.status(+err.status || 500).send(err.response ? err.response.data : {
message: 'Failed to send sample message'
})
})
})
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
res.status(+err.status || 500).send({
message: `Unexpected error: ${err.message}`
})
})
// In-memory store for a simple state machine per chat
// You can use a database instead for persistence
const state = {}
const reminders = {}
// In-memory cache store
const cache = {}
const cacheTTL = 10 * 60 * 1000 // 10 min
async function pullMembers (device) {
if (cache.members && +cache.members.time && (Date.now() - +cache.members.time) < cacheTTL) {
return cache.members.data
}
const url = `${API_URL}/devices/${device.id}/team`
const { data: members } = await axios.get(url, { headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey } })
cache.members = { data: members, time: Date.now() }
return members
}
async function validateMembers (device, members) {
const validateMembers = (config.teamWhitelist || []).concat(config.teamBlacklist || [])
for (const id of validateMembers) {
if (typeof id !== 'string' || string.length !== 24) {
return exit('Team user ID in config.teamWhitelist and config.teamBlacklist must be a 24 characters hexadecimal value:', id)
}
const exists = members.some(user => user.id === id)
if (!exists) {
return exit('Team user ID in config.teamWhitelist or config.teamBlacklist does not exist:', id)
}
}
}
async function createLabels (device) {
const labels = cache.labels.data || []
const requiredLabels = (config.setLabelsOnUserAssignment || []).concat(config.setLabelsOnBotChats || [])
const missingLabels = requiredLabels.filter(label => labels.every(l => l.name !== label))
for (const label of missingLabels) {
console.log('[info] creating missing label:', label)
const url = `${API_URL}/devices/${device.id}/labels`
const body = {
name: label.slice(0, 30).trim(),
color: [
'tomato', 'orange', 'sunflower', 'bubble',
'rose', 'poppy', 'rouge', 'raspberry',
'purple', 'lavender', 'violet', 'pool',
'emerald', 'kelly', 'apple', 'turquoise',
'aqua', 'gold', 'latte', 'cocoa'
][Math.floor(Math.random() * 20)],
description: 'Automatically created label for the chatbot'
}
try {
await axios.post(url, body, { headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey } })
} catch (err) {
console.error('[error] failed to create label:', label, err.message)
}
}
if (missingLabels.length) {
await pullLabels(device, { force: true })
}
}
async function pullLabels (device, { force } = {}) {
if (!force && cache.labels && +cache.labels.time && (Date.now() - +cache.labels.time) < cacheTTL) {
return cache.labels.data
}
const url = `${API_URL}/devices/${device.id}/labels`
const { data: labels } = await axios.get(url, { headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey } })
cache.labels = { data: labels, time: Date.now() }
return labels
}
async function updateChatLabels ({ data, device, labels }) {
const url = `${API_URL}/chat/${device.id}/chats/${data.chat.id}/labels`
const newLabels = (data.chat.labels || [])
for (const label of labels) {
if (newLabels.includes(label)) {
newLabels.push(label)
}
}
if (newLabels.length) {
console.log('[info] update chat labels:', data.chat.id, newLabels)
await axios.patch(url, newLabels, { headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey } })
}
}
async function updateChatMetadata ({ data, device, metadata }) {
const url = `${API_URL}/chat/${device.id}/contacts/${data.chat.id}/metadata`
const entries = []
const contactMetadata = data.chat.contact.metadata
for (const entry of metadata) {
if (entry && entry.key && entry.value) {
const value = typeof entry.value === 'function' ? entry.value() : value
if (!entry.key || !value || typeof entry.key !== 'string' || typeof value !== 'string') {
continue
}
if (contactMetadata && contactMetadata.some(e => e.key === entry.key && e.value === value)) {
continue // skip if metadata entry is already present
}
entries.push({
key: entry.key.slice(0, 30).trim(),
value: value.slice(0, 1000).trim()
})
}
}
if (entries.length) {
await axios.patch(url, entries, { headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey } })
}
}
async function selectAssignMember (device) {
const members = await pullMembers(device)
const isMemberEligible = (member) => {
if (config.teamBlacklist.length && config.teamBlacklist.includes(member.id)) {
return false
}
if (config.teamWhitelist.length && !config.teamWhitelist.includes(member.id)) {
return false
}
if (config.assignOnlyToOnlineMembers && (member.availability.mode !== 'auto' || ((Date.now() - +new Date(member.lastSeenAt)) > 30 * 60 * 1000))) {
return false
}
if (config.skipTeamRolesFromAssignment && config.skipTeamRolesFromAssignment.some(role => member.role === role)) {
return false
}
return true
}
const activeMembers = members.filter(member => member.status === 'active' && isMemberEligible(member))
if (!activeMembers.length) {
return console.log('[warning] Unable to assign chat: no eligible team members')
}
const targetMember = activeMembers[activeMembers.length * Math.random() | 0]
return targetMember
}
async function assignChat ({ member, data, device }) {
const url = `${API_URL}/chat/${device.id}/chats/${data.chat.id}/owner`
const body = { agent: member.id }
await axios.patch(url, body, { headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey } })
if (config.setMetadataOnAssignment && config.setMetadataOnAssignment.length) {
const metadata = config.setMetadataOnAssignment.filter(entry => entry && entry.key && entry.value).map(({ key, value }) => ({ key, value }))
await updateChatMetadata({ data, device, metadata })
}
}
async function assignChatToAgent ({ data, device }) {
if (!config.enableMemberChatAssignment) {
return console.log('[debug] Unable to assign chat: member chat assignment is disabled. Enable it in config.enableMemberChatAssignment = true')
}
try {
const member = await selectAssignMember(device)
if (member) {
let updateLabels = []
// Remove labels before chat assigned, if required
if (config.removeLabelsAfterAssignment && config.setLabelsOnBotChats && config.setLabelsOnBotChats.length) {
const labels = (data.chat.labels || []).filter(label => !config.setLabelsOnBotChats.includes(label))
console.log('[info] remove labels before assiging chat to user', data.chat.id, labels)
if (labels.length) {
updateLabels = labels
}
}
// Set labels on chat assignment, if required
if (config.setLabelsOnUserAssignment && config.setLabelsOnUserAssignment.length) {
let labels = (data.chat.labels || [])
if (updateLabels.length) {
labels = labels.filter(label => !updateLabels.includes(label))
}
for (const label of config.setLabelsOnUserAssignment) {
if (!updateLabels.includes(label)) {
updateLabels.push(label)
}
}
}
if (updateLabels.length) {
console.log('[info] set labels on chat assignment to user', data.chat.id, updateLabels)
await updateChatLabels({ data, device, labels: updateLabels })
}
console.log('[info] automatically assign chat to user:', data.chat.id, member.displayName, member.email)
await assignChat({ member, data, device })
} else {
console.log('[info] Unable to assign chat: no eligible or available team members based on the current configuration:', data.chat.id)
}
return member
} catch (err) {
console.error('[error] failed to assign chat:', data.id, data.chat.id, err)
}
}
async function unassignChat ({ data, device }) {
try {
const url = `${API_URL}/chat/${device.id}/chats/${data.chat.id}/owner`
await axios.delete(url, null, { headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey } })
} catch (err) {
console.error('[error] failed to unassign chat:', data.id, data.chat.id, err)
}
}
function canReply ({ data, device }) {
const { chat } = data
// Skip if chat is already assigned to an team member
if (chat.owner && chat.owner.agent) {
return false
}
// Ignore messages from group chats
if (chat.type !== 'chat') {
return false
}
// Skip replying chat if it has one of the configured labels, when applicable
if (config.skipChatWithLabels && config.skipChatWithLabels.length && chat.labels && chat.labels.length) {
if (config.skipChatWithLabels.some(label => chat.labels.includes(label))) {
return false
}
}
// Only reply to chats that were whitelisted, when applicable
if (config.numbersWhitelist && config.numbersWhitelist.length && chat.fromNumber) {
if (config.numbersWhitelist.some(number => number === chat.fromNumber || chat.fromNumber.slice(1) === number)) {
return true
} else {
return false
}
}
// Skip replying to chats that were explicitly blacklisted, when applicable
if (config.numbersBlacklist && config.numbersBlacklist.length && chat.fromNumber) {
if (config.numbersBlacklist.some(number => number === chat.fromNumber || chat.fromNumber.slice(1) === number)) {
return false
}
}
// Skip replying chats that were archived, when applicable
if (config.skipArchivedChats && (chat.status === 'archived' || chat.waStatus === 'archived')) {
return false
}
// Always ignore replying to banned chats/contacts
if ((chat.status === 'banned' || chat.waStatus === 'banned ')) {
return false
}
return true
}
// Process message
async function processMessage ({ data, device } = {}) {
// Can reply to this message?
if (!canReply({ data, device })) {
return console.log('[info] Skip message due to chat already assigned or not eligible to reply:', data.fromNumber, data.date, data.body)
}
const { chat, type, quoted } = data
let { body } = data
if (body) {
body = body.trim()
}
// Process list response message selected item by the user
if (type === 'list_response' && quoted.selectedId) {
body = quoted.selectedId
}
const { phone } = chat.contact
console.log('[info] New inbound message received:', chat.id, body || '<empty message>')
const reply = async ({ message, ...params }) => {
await sendMessage({
phone,
device: device.id,
message,
...params
})
// Add bot-managed chat labels, if required
if (config.setLabelsOnBotChats.length) {
const labels = config.setLabelsOnBotChats.filter(label => (data.chat.labels || []).includes(label))
if (labels.length) {
await updateChatLabels({ data, device, labels })
}
}
// Add bot-managed chat metadata, if required
if (config.setMetadataOnBotChats.length) {
const metadata = config.setMetadataOnBotChats.filter(entry => entry && entry.key && entry.value).map(({ key, value }) => ({ key, value }))
await updateChatMetadata({ data, device, metadata })
}
}
// First inbound message, reply with a welcome message
if (!data.chat.lastOutboundMessageAt || data.meta.isFirstMessage) {
const message = `${config.welcomeMessage}\n\n${config.defaultMessage}}`
return await reply({ message })
}
// Return to main menu
if (body && body.length < 10 && /help|cancel|stop|exit/i.test(body)) {
body = null
state[chat.id] = null
}
// Assign the chat to an random agent
if (+body === 4 || /human|person|chat|talk/i.test(body)) {
assignChatToAgent({ data, device }).catch(err => {
console.error('[error] failed to assign chat to user:', data.chat.id, err.message)
})
return await reply({
message: `This chat was assigned to a member of our support team. You will be contacted shortly.`,
})
}
const status = state[chat.id]
if (status && status.task === 'reminder-create') {
let message = null
if (status.step === 1 && body === 'x') {
body = null
state[chat.id] = null
}
const items = reminders[chat.id]
if (items && items.length >= 10) {
const message = 'You have reached the maximum number of reminders, please delete one before creating a new one.\n\nReply with *delete* to delete reminders.'
return await reply({ message })
}
if (status.step === 1 && body !== 'x') {
const options = ['1h', '2h', '24h', '2d', '7d', '14d']
if (+body === 7) {
// Cancel option
state[chat.id] = null
} else if (+body >= 1 && +body <= 6) {
message = 'Please reply with a description for the reminder, up to 200 characters.'
state[chat.id] = {
task: 'reminder-create',
time: [options[+body - 1]],
step: 2
}
return await reply({ message })
} else {
state[chat.id] = null
message = 'Invalid option, please reply with one of the available option number (1 to 7)'
body = 'reminder-create'
await reply({ message })
}
}
if (status.step === 2) {
if (!body || body.length < 4) {
return await reply({ message: 'The reminder text is too short, please send a larger description with 5 characters or more.\n\nIf you do not want to continue, just reply with *stop*' })
}
if (body.length > 200) {
return await reply({ message: 'The reminder text is too long, please send a shorter description up to 200 characters.\n\nIf you do not want to continue, just reply with *stop*' })
}
const time = state[chat.id].time
state[chat.id] = null
message = 'All good! I will send you a message when it is time 😀\n\nLet me know if I can do something else for you!'
await reply({ message })
const reminder = `Hi! This is a reminder for you:\n\n${body}`
reminders[chat.id] = reminders[chat.id] || []
const [value, unit] = [+time.slice(0, -1), time.slice(-1)]
const date = moment().add(value, unit).toDate()
reminders[chat.id].push({
time,
date,
description: body
})
// Create message reminder at specific date
await reply({ message: reminder, deliverAt: date })
// Send confirmation to user
return await reply({ message })
}
}
if (status && status.task === 'button') {
if (+body === 7 || /cancel|stop|exit/i.test(body)) {
state[chat.id] = null
} else if (+body >= 1 && +body <= 6) {
const samples = ['image', 'location', 'image', 'audio', 'video', 'document']
body = samples[+body - 1]
} else {
// In case of invalid input, send reminder create message again
// body = 'reminder-create'
body = null
state[chat.id] = null
}
}
if (status && status.task === 'reminder-delete') {
if (status.step === 1 && /cancel|stop|exit/i.test(body)) {
body = null
state[chat.id] = null
}
const items = reminders[chat.id]
if (!items || !items.length) {
state[chat.id] = null
return await reply({
message: 'You do not have any reminders yet.\n\nCreate one by replying with *create* or *stop* to return to main menu.'
})
}
if (status.step === 1 && +body >= 1 && +body <= 10) {
const index = +body - 1
const reminder = items[index]
if (!reminder) {
state[chat.id] = null
return await reply({
message: 'The selected reminder was not found.\n\nPlease select a valid reminder by replying *delete* or *stop* to return to main menu.'
})
}
reminders.slice(index, 1)
return await reply({
message: `The following reminder was deleted successfully:\n\nDate: ${moment(reminder.date).format('DD/MM/YYYY HH:mm')}\n\nDescription: ${reminder.description}\n\nReply with *delete* to delete another reminder, *reminders* to list available reminders, or *stop* to return to main menu.`
})
}
}
if (+body === 1 || body === 'reminder-create' || /create|create reminder/i.test(body)) {
state[chat.id] = {
task: 'reminder-create',
step: 1
}
return await reply({
message: 'Please select when you want to be reminded',
header: 'Task reminder',
footer: 'Powered by Utio',
buttons: [
{
text: '1 hour'
},
{
text: '2 hours'
},
{
text: '24 hours'
},
{
text: '2 days'
},
{
text: '7 days'
},
{
text: '14 days'
},
{
text: 'Cancel'
}
]
})
}
if (+body === 2 || body === 'reminder-list' || /list reminder|reminders/i.test(body)) {
const items = reminders[chat.id]
if (items && items.length) {
const message = 'Here is a list of your reminders:\n\n' + items.map((item, index) => {
const date = moment(item.date).format('DD/MM/YYYY HH:mm')
return `${index + 1}. ${date} - ${item.description}`
}).join('\n\n')
return await reply({ message })
} else {
return await reply({
message: 'You do not have any reminders yet. Create one by replying with *create* or *stop* to return to main menu.'
})
}
}
if (+body === 3 || body === 'reminder-delete' || /delete/i.test(body)) {
const items = reminders[chat.id]
if (!items || !items.length) {
return await reply({
message: 'You do not have any reminders yet. Create one by replying with *create* or *stop* to return to main menu.'
})
}
const rows = items.map((item, index) => {
const date = moment(item.date).format('DD/MM/YYYY HH:mm')
return {
id: `${index}`,
title: `${index + 1}. ${date}`,
description: item.description.slice(0, 72)
}
}).slice(0, 10)
state[chat.id] = {
task: 'reminder-delete',
step: 1
}
return await sendMessage({
list: {
description: 'Please select one reminder to delete or reply with *stop* to cancel',
title: 'Task reminder',
button: 'Select one option',
footer: 'Powered by Utio',
sections: [
{
title: 'Active reminders',
rows: rows
}
]
}
})
}
if (/button/i.test(body)) {
state[chat.id] = {
task: 'button'
}
return await reply({
phone,
message: 'Select one message type',
device: device.id,
footer: 'You will receive a sample message',
buttons: [
{
text: 'Image'
},
{
text: 'Location'
},
{
text: 'Image'
},
{
text: 'Audio'
},
{
text: 'Video'
},
{
text: 'Document'
},
{
text: 'Cancel'
}
]
})
}
if (/list/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
list: {
description: 'Select which type of vehicle you are interested in',
button: 'Tap to select',
title: 'Optional message _title_',
footer: 'Optional *message* footer',
sections: [
{
title: 'Select a car type',
rows: [
{
title: 'Coupe',
id: 'a1',
description: 'This a description for coupe cars'
},
{
title: 'Sports',
id: 'a2',
description: 'This a description for sports cars'
},
{
title: 'SUV',
id: 'a3',
description: 'This a description for SUV cars'
},
{
title: 'Minivan',
id: 'a4',
description: 'This a description for minivan cars'
},
{
title: 'Crossover',
id: 'a5',
description: 'This a description for crossover cars'
},
{
title: 'Wagon',
id: 'a6',
description: 'This a description for wagon cars'
}
]
},
{
title: 'Select a motorbike type',
rows: [
{
title: 'Touring',
id: 'b1',
description: 'Designed to excel at covering long distances'
},
{
title: 'Cruiser',
id: 'b3',
description: 'Harley-Davidsons largely define the cruiser category'
},
{
title: 'Standard',
id: 'b3',
description: 'Motorcycle intended for use on streets and commuting'
}
]
}
]
}
})
}
if (/image/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
message: 'This is a random image\nCheers 🥳 😀',
media: {
url: 'https://picsum.photos/600'
}
})
}
if (/video/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
message: 'This is a sample video\nCheers 🥳 😀',
media: {
url: 'https://download.samplelib.com/mp4/sample-5s.mp4'
}
})
}
if (/audio/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
media: {
url: 'https://download.samplelib.com/mp3/sample-9s.mp3',
format: 'ptt'
}
})
}
if (/location|address/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
location: {
address: '20 W 34th St., New York, NY 10001, United States'
}
})
}
if (/contact|card/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
contacts: [
{
name: 'Thomas Anderson',
phone: '+1234567890'
},
{
name: 'John Wick',
phone: '+1234567890'
}
]
})
}
if (/document|pdf/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
message: 'This is a sample PDF 😀',
media: {
url: 'https://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/tests/xhtml/testfiles/resources/pdf/dummy.pdf'
}
})
}
if (/file|zip/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
message: 'This is a sample ZIP file 😀',
media: {
url: 'https://www.learningcontainer.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/sample-zip-file.zip'
}
})
}
if (/excel|xls/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
message: 'This is a sample Excel file 😀',
media: {
url: 'https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=521962'
}
})
}
if (/format/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
message: 'This message is formatted using _italic format_, *bold format*, ~strikethrough format~ and ```monospace format```'
})
}
if (/quote|reply/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
message: 'This is a quoted reply to your last message',
quote: data.id
})
}
if (/emoji/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
message: 'Hello 👋 \nThis is a test message with emojis 👌 😘 😗 😙 😚 😋 😛 😝 😜 copied as text from:\nhttps://getemoji.com\n\nEmojis 👶 👧 🧒 👦 are simply unicode rich characters, so you can copy & paste them as simple text 😀 👏'
})
}
if (/react/i.test(body)) {
return await sendMessage({
phone,
reaction: '👍',
device: device.id,
reactionMessage: data.id
})
}
if (/link|youtube/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
message: 'Hey checkout this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMH0bHeiRNg'
})
}
if (/text/i.test(body)) {
return await reply({
message: 'Hello everyone, and welcome to this demo showcase of a WhatsApp chatbot! 🎉\n\nDuring this demo, you will get a glimpse of the chatbot\'s key features, which include instant customer support, interactive conversations, personalized recommendations, and seamless integration with your existing business processes. We are confident that our chatbot will not only save you time and resources but also foster stronger customer relationships and drive growth for your business.\n\nLet\'s get started! 😀'
})
}
// Default to unknown command response
const unknownCommand = `${config.unknownCommandMessage}\n\n${config.defaultMessage}`
await reply({ message: unknownCommand })
}
// Function to send a message using the Utio API
async function sendMessage ({ phone, message, media, device, ...fields }) {
const url = `${API_URL}/messages`
const body = {
phone,
message,
media,
device,
...fields,
enqueue: 'never'
}
let retries = 3
while (retries) {
retries -= 1
try {
const res = await axios.post(url, body, {
headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey }
})
console.log('[info] Message sent:', phone, res.data.id, res.data.status)
return res.data
} catch (err) {
console.error('[error] failed to send message:', phone, message || (body.list ? body.list.description : '<no message>'), err.response ? err.response.data : err)
}
}
return false
}
// Find an active WhatsApp device connected to the Utio API
async function loadDevice () {
const url = `${API_URL}/devices`
const { data } = await axios.get(url, {
headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey }
})
if (config.device && !config.device.includes(' ')) {
if (/^[a-f0-9]{24}$/i.test(config.device) === false) {
return exit('Invalid WhatsApp device ID: must be 24 characers hexadecimal value. Get the device ID here: https://whatsapp.utio.io/number')
}
return data.find(device => device.id === config.device)
}
return data.find(device => device.status === 'operative')
}
// Function to register a Ngrok tunnel webhook for the chatbot
// Only used in local development mode
async function registerWebhook (tunnel, device) {
const webhookUrl = `${tunnel}/webhook`
const url = `${API_URL}/webhooks`
const { data: webhooks } = await axios.get(url, {
headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey }
})
const findWebhook = webhook => {
return (
webhook.url === webhookUrl &&
webhook.device === device.id &&
webhook.status === 'active' &&
webhook.events.includes('message:in:new')
)
}
// If webhook already exists, return it
const existing = webhooks.find(findWebhook)
if (existing) {
return existing
}
for (const webhook of webhooks) {
// Delete previous ngrok webhooks
if (webhook.url.includes('ngrok-free.app') || webhook.url.startsWith(tunnel)) {
const url = `${API_URL}/webhooks/${webhook.id}`
await axios.delete(url, { headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey } })
}
}
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 500))
const data = {
url: webhookUrl,
name: 'Chatbot',
events: ['message:in:new'],
device: device.id
}
const { data: webhook } = await axios.post(url, data, {
headers: { Authorization: config.apiKey }
})
return webhook
}
// Function to create a Ngrok tunnel and register the webhook dynamically
async function createTunnel () {
let retries = 3
while (retries) {
retries -= 1
try {
const tunnel = await ngrok.connect({
addr: config.port,
authtoken: config.ngrokToken
})
console.log(`Ngrok tunnel created: ${tunnel}`)
return tunnel
} catch (err) {
console.error('[error] Failed to create Ngrok tunnel:', err.message)
await ngrok.kill()
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000))
}
}
throw new Error('Failed to create Ngrok tunnel')
}
// Development server using nodemon to restart the bot on file changes
async function devServer () {
const tunnel = await createTunnel()
nodemon({
script: 'bot.js',
ext: 'js',
watch: ['*.js', 'src/**/*.js'],
exec: `WEBHOOK_URL=${tunnel} DEV=false npm run start`,
}).on('restart', () => {
console.log('[info] Restarting bot after changes...')
}).on('quit', () => {
console.log('[info] Closing bot...')
ngrok.kill().then(() => process.exit(0))
})
}
function exit (msg, ...args) {
console.error('[error]', msg, ...args)
process.exit(1)
}
// Initialize chatbot server
async function main () {
// API key must be provided
if (!config.apiKey || config.apiKey.length < 60) {
return exit('Please sign up in Utio and obtain your API key here:\nhttps://whatsapp.utio.io/apikeys')
}
// Create dev mode server with Ngrok tunnel and nodemon
if (env.DEV === 'true' && !config.production) {
return devServer()
}
// Find a WhatsApp number connected to the Utio API
const device = await loadDevice()
if (!device) {
return exit('No active WhatsApp numbers in your account. Please connect a WhatsApp number in your Utio account:\nhttps://whatsapp.utio.io/create')
}
if (device.session.status !== 'online') {
return exit(`WhatsApp number (${device.alias}) is not online. Please make sure the WhatsApp number in your Utio account is properly connected:\nhttps://whatsapp.utio.io/${device.id}/scan`)
}
if (device.billing.subscription.product !== 'io') {
return exit(`WhatsApp number plan (${device.alias}) does not support inbound messages. Please upgrade the plan here:\nhttps://whatsapp.utio.io/${device.id}/plan?product=io`)
}
// Pre-load device labels and team mebers
const [members] = await Promise.all([
pullMembers(device),
pullLabels(device)
])
// Create labels if they don't exist
await createLabels(device)
// Validate whitelisted and blacklisted members exist
await validateMembers(members)
app.device = device
console.log('[info] Using WhatsApp connected number:', device.phone, device.alias, `(ID = ${device.id})`)
// Start server
await app.listen(config.port, () => {
console.log(`Server listening on port ${config.port}`)
})
if (config.production) {
console.log('[info] Validating webhook endpoint...')
if (!config.webhookUrl) {
return exit('Missing required environment variable: WEBHOOK_URL must be present in production mode')
}
const webhook = await registerWebhook(config.webhookUrl, device)
if (!webhook) {
return exit(`Missing webhook active endpoint in production mode: please create a webhook endpoint that points to the chatbot server:\nhttps://whatsapp.utio.io/${device.id}/webhooks`)
}
console.log('[info] Using webhook endpoint in production mode:', webhook.url)
} else {
console.log('[info] Registering webhook tunnel...')
const tunnel = config.webhookUrl || await createTunnel()
const webhook = await registerWebhook(tunnel, device)
if (!webhook) {
console.error('Failed to connect webhook. Please try again.')
await ngrok.kill()
return process.exit(1)
}
}
console.log('[info] Chatbot server ready and waiting for messages!')
}
main().catch(err => {
exit('Failed to start chatbot server:', err)
})
const { env } = process
// Default message when the user sends an unknown message.
const unknownCommandMessage = `Sorry, I don't understand that command. Please try again by replying with one of the available options.`
// Default welcome message. Change it as you need.
const welcomeMessage = `Hey there 👋 Welcome to this chatbot demo!`
// Default help message. Change it as you need.
const defaultMessage = `This is a sample bot to showcase for WhatsApp using the Utio API.
Chatbot tasks available:
1️⃣ Create a reminder
2️⃣ List reminders
3️⃣ Delete reminder
4️⃣ Chat with a person
Type *help* to see this message again.
You can also ask the bot to send you multiple sample messages based on the following types:
- Text
- Image
- Video
- Audio
- PDF Document
- Excel document
- File
- Location
- Contact card
- Quote message
- Button
- List
- Emojis 🥳
- Text formatting
- Link preview
- Reaction
Give it a try 😁
`
// Chatbot config
module.exports = {
// Optional. Specify the Utio device ID (24 characters hexadecimal length) to be used for the chatbot
// If no device is defined, the first connected device will be used
// Obtain the device ID in the Utio app: https://whatsapp.utio.io/number
device: env.DEVICE || 'ENTER WHATSAPP DEVICE ID',
// Required. Specify the Utio API key to be used
// You can obtain it here: https://whatsapp.utio.io/apikeys
apiKey: env.API_KEY || 'ENTER API KEY HERE',
// Optional. HTTP server TCP port to be used. Defaults to 8080
port: +env.PORT || 8080,
// Optional. Use NODE_ENV=production to run the chatbot in production mode
production: env.NODE_ENV === 'production',
// Optional. Specify the webhook public URL to be used for receiving webhook events
// If no webhook is specified, the chatbot will autoamtically create an Ngrok tunnel
// and register it as the webhook URL.
// IMPORTANT: in order to use Ngrok tunnels, you need to sign up for free, see the option below.
webhookUrl: env.WEBHOOK_URL,
// Ngrok tunnel authentication token.
// Required if webhook URL is not provided.
// sign up for free and get one: https://ngrok.com/signup
// Learn how to obtain the auth token: https://ngrok.com/docs/agent/#authtokens
ngrokToken: env.NGROK_TOKEN,
// Set one or multiple labels on chatbot-managed chats
setLabelsOnBotChats: ['bot'],
// Remove labels when the chat is assigned to a person
removeLabelsAfterAssignment: true,
// Set one or multiple labels on chatbot-managed chats
setLabelsOnUserAssignment: ['from-bot'],
// Optional. Set a list of labels that will tell the chatbot to skip it
skipChatWithLabels: ['no-bot'],
// Optional. Ignore processing messages sent by one of the following numbers
// Important: the phone number must be in E164 format with no spaces or symbols
numbersBlacklist: ['1234567890'],
// Optional. Only process messages one of the the given phone numbers
// Important: the phone number must be in E164 format with no spaces or symbols
numbersWhitelist: [],
// Skip chats that were archived in WhatsApp
skipArchivedChats: true,
// If true, when the user requests to chat with a human, the bot will assign
// the chat to a random available team member.
// You can specify which members are eligible to be assigned using the `teamWhitelist`
// and which should be ignored using `teamBlacklist`
enableMemberChatAssignment: true,
// If true, chats assigned by the bot will be only assigned to team members that are
// currently available and online (not unavailable or offline)
assignOnlyToOnlineMembers: false,
// Optional. Skip specific user roles from being automatically assigned by the chat bot
// Available roles are: 'admin', 'supervisor', 'agent'
skipTeamRolesFromAssignment: ['admin'], // 'supervisor', 'agent'
// Enter the team member IDs (24 characters length) that can be eligible to be assigned
// If the array is empty, all team members except the one listed in `skipMembersForAssignment`
// will be eligible for automatic assignment
teamWhitelist: [],
// Optional. Enter the team member IDs (24 characters length) that should never be automatically assigned chats to
teamBlacklist: [],
// Optional. Set metadata entries on bot-assigned chats
setMetadataOnBotChats: [
{
key: 'bot_start',
value: () => new Date().toISOString()
}
],
// Optional. Set metadata entries when a chat is assigned to a team member
setMetadataOnAssignment: [
{
key: 'bot_stop',
value: () => new Date().toISOString()
}
],
welcomeMessage,
defaultMessage,
unknownCommandMessage
}
{
"name": "whatsapp-chatbot-demo",
"version": "1.0.0",
"license": "MIT",
"engine": {
"node": ">=14"
},
"scripts": {
"start": "node bot.js",
"dev": "DEV=true npm run start"
},
"dependencies": {
"axios": "^1.3.6",
"express": "^4.18.2",
"moment": "^2.29.4",
"ngrok": "^4.3.3",
"nodemon": "^2.0.22"
}
}
Questions
Can I customize the chatbot response and behavior?
For sure! The code is available for free and you can adapt it as much as you need.
You just need to have some JavaScript/Node.js knowledge, and you can always ask ChatGPT to help you write the code you need.
Do I have to use Ngrok?
No, you don't. Ngrok is only used for development/testing purposes when running the program from your local computer. If you run the program in a cloud server, most likely you won't need Ngrok if your server can be reachable via Internet using a public domain (e.g: bot.company.com) or a public IP.
In that case, you simply need to provide your server full URL ended with /webhook
like this when running the bot program:
WEBHOOK_URL=https://bot.company.com:8080/webhook node bot
Note: https://bot.company.com:8080
must point to the bot program itself running in your server and it must be network reachable using HTTPS for secure connection.
What happens if the program fails?
Please check the error in the terminal and make sure your are running the program with enough permissions to start it in port 8080 in localhost.
How to avoid certain chats being replied by the bot?
By default the bot will ignore messages sent in group chats, blocked and archived chats/contacts.
Besides that, you can blacklist or whitelist specific phone numbers and chat with labels that be handled by the bot.
See numbersBlacklist
, numbersWhitelist
, and skipChatWithLabels
options in config.js
for more information.
Can I run this bot on my server?
Absolutely! Just deploy or transfer the program source code to your server and run the command from there. The requirements are the same, no matter where you run the bot.